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Not Available ; Flour dust in Agro-Processing Industries (APIs) is one of the potential sources of health hazards among the workers. Hence, an investigation was undertaken in APIs of Punjab during 2012 to measure the dust particle size in small and medium sized mills run by the illiterate entrepreneurs. Data were solicited from purposively selected 15 Agro-Processing Centres (APCs) established and supported by Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. A total of 120 workers engaged in these APCs responded for this study. Study reveals that Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) near all work stations was found higher than the recommended value of 0.5 mg/m3as given by ACGIH. The highest TSP was observed 17.94 mg/m3 at hopper (wheat pouring station), much greater than American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) limit. Study shows the representative example of current Indian situation, where the recommended value exceeded tremendously. Hence, emission sources of the dust particulate should be given special attention. There is also need to undergo the pre-employment and periodic medical surveillance tests of workers which should be ensured by the employer. The personal protective measures like use of face mask, proper ventilation and reduced working hours in high dust concentration areas are strongly recommended. ; Not Available

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Part IAgriculture Growth and Development -- 1 World Agriculture-Human Beings and Farming -- Evolution of the Farming Sector -- Socio-economic Issues -- Farming Sector and Workforce -- Women in Agriculture -- Agricultural Development -- Farm Power Availability -- Water Scarcity -- Scope and Challenges in Agriculture -- References -- 2 Manpower Utilization: Working Methods and Practices in Small Land Holdings -- Introduction -- Field Crops -- Upland and Semi-upland Cultivation -- Wetland Cultivation -- Horticultural Crops -- Plantation Crops -- Hill Agriculture -- Agricultural Operations -- References -- Part IIFundamentals of Ergonomics and Human Factors -- 3 Perceiving Agricultural Ergonomics and Human Factors -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Frontiers of Ergonomics Application -- Concepts and Practices of Agricultural Ergonomics -- Philosophy of Ergonomics Application -- Typical Areas of Ergonomics Application in Agriculture -- Limitations of Application -- References -- 4 Energy Cost of Human Labour in Farming -- Introduction -- Energy Production, Liberation, and Utilization -- Energy Liberation -- Accounting Energy Intake -- Anaerobic Glycogenolysis -- Some Important Definitions -- The Utility of Energy Expenditure Data -- Measurement of Energy Expenditure -- Heart Rate Monitors -- Metabolic Measurement Systems -- Basal Metabolic Rate -- Energy Expenditure Values -- Maximal Work Capacity -- Heart Rates-A Predictor of Energy Expenditure -- Energy Cost of Work in Farming -- Estimating Energy Expenditure from Heart Rate -- Work Severity Classification -- Physical Activity and Fitness During Ageing -- Manual Material Handling Tasks -- References -- 5 Work Planning and Scheduling in Farming -- Introduction -- The Rationale of Work Scheduling -- Reduction in Working Time.